Report Metrics | Details |
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Historic Data | 2016 - 2024 |
CAGR | The combined global market for micro EVs will grow at a 20-year CAGR of 4.5%. |
Forecast Period | 2025 - 2045 |
Forecast Units | Unit sales, Battery demand (GWh), Market size (US$ billion) |
Regions Covered | China, India, East Asia, Europe, United States, Worldwide |
Segments Covered | Electric two-wheelers (scooters, mopeds, and motorcycles), Electric three-wheelers, Electric microcars |
1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
1.1. | Key Report Findings |
1.2. | Introduction to Micro EVs |
1.3. | Types of Micro EVs |
1.4. | What Micro EVs Are Covered in This Report? |
1.5. | The EV Revolution is Taking Place in Tiny Vehicles |
1.6. | Electrification Occurring Faster in Three-Wheelers & Microcars |
1.7. | Electric Two-Wheelers: Scooters vs. Motorcycles |
1.8. | Low-Power E2Ws Make Up Most of the Market |
1.9. | China Rules The Electric Two-Wheeler Market |
1.10. | Adoption of Electric Two-Wheelers Is Growing |
1.11. | Electric Two-Wheelers in China Impacted by Regulation |
1.12. | India: A Fast-Growing E2W Market |
1.13. | Two-Wheeler Battery Sizes Remain Small |
1.14. | Lead-Acid Still Plays A Role in Electric Two-Wheelers |
1.15. | The Diverse Role of Three-Wheelers |
1.16. | Asia as the Home of the Three-Wheeler |
1.17. | Pb-Acid Dominates in Three-Wheelers |
1.18. | Microcars Offer Different Traits to Typical Cars |
1.19. | Average Range of Microcars |
1.20. | Microcars Vary Across Regions |
1.21. | Chinese Microcars Are Almost Entirely Electric |
1.22. | Microcars On The Rise in Europe |
1.23. | Micro EV Sales to Reach 66 Million Annually by 2045 |
1.24. | Global Micro EV Battery Demand To Exceed 300 GWh |
1.25. | Micro EVs - A US$90 Billion Market Opportunity |
1.26. | Access More With an IDTechEx Subscription |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | Micro EV Overview |
2.1.1. | What are Micro EVs? |
2.1.2. | Micro EV Types |
2.1.3. | Vehicles Covered in This Report |
2.1.4. | Comparison of Micro EV Segments |
2.1.5. | Micro EV Usage Models |
2.2. | Drivers for Micro EV Adoption |
2.2.1. | Transportation as a Source of Emissions |
2.2.2. | Urban Air Quality |
2.2.3. | Fossil Fuel Bans |
2.2.4. | The Costs of Congestion |
2.2.5. | Micro EVs Help Relieve Congestion |
2.2.6. | Local Mobility Culture |
2.2.7. | Regional Micro EV preferences |
2.2.8. | Micro EVs Are Sustainable |
2.2.9. | Last Mile Logistics |
2.3. | Policies for Micro EVs |
2.3.1. | India: FAME II Scheme and EMPS 2024 |
2.3.2. | E2W Policies in ASEAN |
2.3.3. | Policies in Europe |
2.3.4. | China's Role As Micro EV Market Leader |
2.3.5. | Limited Micro EV Regulation in the US |
3. | ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS |
3.1. | Electric Two-Wheelers Overview |
3.1.1. | E2Ws vs. Other Electric Vehicles |
3.1.2. | Electric Two-Wheeler Classification |
3.1.3. | Electric Two-Wheeler Power Classes |
3.1.4. | Two-Wheelers Not Included in this Report |
3.1.5. | Two-Wheeler Popularity in Asia |
3.1.6. | E2W Manufacturers by Region |
3.1.7. | Global Two-Wheeler Market |
3.1.8. | Global Two-Wheeler Production Moving Away From China |
3.1.9. | Global Electric Two-Wheeler Market |
3.1.10. | Electric Two-Wheelers Over 4kW |
3.1.11. | Electric Motorcycle Performance |
3.1.12. | Example Electric Motorcycle Specifications |
3.1.13. | Challenges of Motorcycle Electrification |
3.1.14. | Customer Opinions: Electric Two-Wheeler Survey |
3.2. | Electric Two-Wheelers in China |
3.2.1. | China's Electric Two-Wheeler Explosion |
3.2.2. | Electric Two-Wheelers Classification in China |
3.2.3. | The Rise (and Fall?) of Two-Wheelers in Chinese Mobility |
3.2.4. | Chinese Two-Wheeler Market |
3.2.5. | Chinese Electric Two-Wheeler Market (1) |
3.2.6. | Chinese Electric Two-Wheeler Market (2) |
3.2.7. | Key Chinese E2W OEMs |
3.2.8. | China E2W Example Models |
3.2.9. | Yadea |
3.2.10. | Niu |
3.2.11. | Luyuan |
3.2.12. | China Electric Two-Wheeler Supply Chain |
3.2.13. | BYD Developing Batteries for E2Ws |
3.2.14. | Yadea Graphene Batteries |
3.2.15. | China E2W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
3.2.16. | China E2W Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Chemistry |
3.3. | Electric Two-Wheelers in India |
3.3.1. | Mobility Trends in India |
3.3.2. | Pollution & Oil Dependence in India |
3.3.3. | Indian Two-Wheeler Market |
3.3.4. | Indian Two-Wheeler Exports |
3.3.5. | FAME II Scheme and EMPS 2024 |
3.3.6. | Electric Two-Wheeler Sales in India |
3.3.7. | Growth Drivers for Electric Two-Wheelers in India (1) |
3.3.8. | Growth Drivers for Electric Two-Wheelers in India (2) |
3.3.9. | India Localizing Cell Production |
3.3.10. | Established vs. Start-Up OEMs in Indian E2W Market |
3.3.11. | Leading Indian E2W OEMs |
3.3.12. | India E2W Example Models |
3.3.13. | Li-ion vs. Pb-Acid Usage in India E2Ws |
3.3.14. | India E2W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
3.3.15. | India E2W Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Chemistry |
3.4. | Electric Two-Wheelers in Southeast Asia |
3.4.1. | Southeast Asian Markets and The ASEAN Four |
3.4.2. | Historic Sales in Southeast Asia |
3.4.3. | Two-Wheeler Exports in Southeast Asia |
3.4.4. | Electric Two-Wheeler Market Shares in ASEAN Countries |
3.4.5. | Electric Two-Wheeler Sales in ASEAN Countries |
3.4.6. | ASEAN Electric Two-Wheeler Brands |
3.4.7. | ASEAN Electric Two-Wheeler Battery Chemistries |
3.4.8. | Evolution of Battery Technologies in ASEAN E2Ws |
3.4.9. | Indonesia E2W Example Models |
3.4.10. | Gesits |
3.4.11. | Vietnam E2W Example Models |
3.4.12. | VinFast |
3.4.13. | Southeast Asia E2W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
3.4.14. | Southeast Asia E2W Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Chemistry |
3.5. | Electric Two-Wheelers in Europe |
3.5.1. | EU Classification of Micro EVs |
3.5.2. | Europe Two-Wheeler Classification |
3.5.3. | European Two-Wheeler Market |
3.5.4. | Europe Motorcycle Sales by Country |
3.5.5. | Electric Mopeds and Motorcycles in Europe (1) |
3.5.6. | Electric Mopeds and Motorcycles in Europe (2) |
3.5.7. | Electric Motorcycle Sales by Country |
3.5.8. | Electric Moped Sales by Country |
3.5.9. | Market Players in Europe |
3.5.10. | Leading OEMs in Europe |
3.5.11. | Europe Electric Two-Wheeler Example Models |
3.5.12. | UK Best-Selling Models |
3.5.13. | Italy Market Breakdown |
3.5.14. | Europe E2W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
3.6. | Electric Two-Wheelers in the US |
3.6.1. | US Two-Wheeler Market |
3.6.2. | Two-Wheeler Preferences in the US |
3.6.3. | E2W Example Models in the US |
3.6.4. | US E2W OEM Market Shares |
3.6.5. | Zero Motorcycles |
3.6.6. | LiveWire/Harley Davidson |
3.6.7. | US E2W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
3.7. | Electric Two-Wheelers in the RoW |
3.7.1. | RoW Two-Wheeler Sales |
3.7.2. | RoW Electric Two-Wheeler Sales |
3.7.3. | Taiwan Two-Wheeler Market and E2W Sales |
3.7.4. | E2W Market Share in Taiwan |
3.7.5. | Gogoro |
3.7.6. | Gogoro (2) |
3.7.7. | RoW E2W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
4. | ELECTRIC THREE-WHEELERS |
4.1. | Electric Three-Wheelers Overview |
4.1.1. | History & Evolution of Three-Wheelers |
4.1.2. | The Role of Three-Wheelers |
4.1.3. | Three-Wheeler Classification |
4.1.4. | China and India: Major Three-wheeler Markets |
4.1.5. | E3W Manufacturers by Region |
4.2. | Electric Three-Wheelers in China |
4.2.1. | Three-Wheelers in Chinese Mobility |
4.2.2. | Chinese Three-Wheeler Types |
4.2.3. | China Three-Wheeler Market |
4.2.4. | China E3W Sales |
4.2.5. | Chinese E3W Market Shares |
4.2.6. | Chinese E3W Example Models |
4.2.7. | Chinese Pb-Acid vs. Li-ion Batteries |
4.2.8. | E3W Componentry |
4.2.9. | Chinese E3Ws Facing Increasing Regulation |
4.2.10. | China E3W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
4.2.11. | China E3W Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Chemistry |
4.3. | Electric Three-Wheelers in India |
4.3.1. | The Role of Three-Wheelers in India |
4.3.2. | India Three-Wheeler Market |
4.3.3. | Electric Three-Wheelers in India |
4.3.4. | E-Rickshaws: A Large Unregistered Segment |
4.3.5. | Challenges for E3Ws in India |
4.3.6. | India E3W Example Models |
4.3.7. | E3W Market Leaders in India |
4.3.8. | Mahindra |
4.3.9. | Euler |
4.3.10. | India E3W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
4.3.11. | India E3W Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Chemistry |
4.4. | Electric Three-Wheelers in RoW |
4.4.1. | Three-Wheelers Outside China & India |
4.4.2. | Electrification of Three-Wheelers in RoW |
4.4.3. | Three-Wheeler Classification in US and Europe |
4.4.4. | US & Europe E3W Examples |
4.4.5. | Arcimoto |
4.4.6. | Carver Electric |
4.4.7. | Asia E3W Examples |
4.4.8. | BEMAC |
4.4.9. | RoW E3W Unit Sales Forecast by Power Class |
5. | ELECTRIC MICROCARS |
5.1. | Electric Microcars Overview |
5.1.1. | Microcars: The Goldilocks of Urban EVs |
5.1.2. | The Role of Microcars |
5.1.3. | Average Daily Driving Distances |
5.1.4. | Average Range of Microcars |
5.1.5. | Average Speed of Microcars |
5.1.6. | Other Applications of Microcars |
5.1.7. | Microcar Characteristics & Benefits |
5.1.8. | Concerns Surrounding Microcars |
5.1.9. | Rightsizing The Footprint |
5.1.10. | The Potential of Autonomous Microcars |
5.1.11. | Suzuki & Honda Developing Autonomous Microcars |
5.1.12. | Microcar Definition by Region |
5.1.13. | Examples of Microcars by Region |
5.2. | Electric Microcars in China |
5.2.1. | A00 Category Vehicles in China |
5.2.2. | A00 Sales in China |
5.2.3. | A00 Vehicles Are Almost Entirely Electric |
5.2.4. | Best Selling A00 EVs |
5.2.5. | Best Selling A00 Examples |
5.2.6. | Wuling Hongguang Mini EV |
5.2.7. | BAW |
5.2.8. | Unregistered Low Speed EVs in China |
5.2.9. | Banning Unregistered Low Speed EVs |
5.2.10. | China Microcar Unit Sales Forecast |
5.3. | Electric Microcars in Europe |
5.3.1. | Quadricycle Category in Europe |
5.3.2. | Electric Quadricycle Sales in EU |
5.3.3. | Electric Quadricycle Example Models |
5.3.4. | Citroen Ami |
5.3.5. | Biro Cars |
5.3.6. | Microcar Sharing in Europe |
5.3.7. | Europe Microcar Unit Sales Forecast |
5.4. | Electric Microcars in RoW |
5.4.1. | Microcars in the US: Neighbourhood EVs and Low Speed Vehicles |
5.4.2. | Defining Microcars: Kei Cars (Japan) and A1 Cars (India) |
5.4.3. | RoW Electric Microcar Sales |
5.4.4. | RoW Microcar Examples |
5.4.5. | Nissan Sakura |
5.4.6. | Polaris GEM e2 |
5.4.7. | RoW Microcar Unit Sales Forecast |
6. | BATTERIES & MOTORS FOR MICRO EVS |
6.1. | Battery Technologies for Micro EVs |
6.1.1. | Lead-Acid vs. Li-ion Battery Technologies |
6.1.2. | Benchmarking Lead-Acid vs. Li-ion |
6.1.3. | Battery Technology Choices in Electric Two-Wheelers |
6.1.4. | Battery Technology Choices in E3Ws & Microcars |
6.1.5. | Governments Regulating Against Pb-Acid |
6.1.6. | Li-ion Increasingly Cost Competitive |
6.1.7. | Lithium Battery Chemistries |
6.1.8. | Key Differences Between Li-ion Technologies |
6.1.9. | Li-ion Battery Performance Comparisons |
6.1.10. | Li-ion Technologies in Electric Two-Wheelers |
6.1.11. | Li-ion Technologies in Electric Three-Wheelers & Microcars |
6.1.12. | The Promise of Sodium Ion |
6.1.13. | China as a Na-ion Giant |
6.1.14. | Yadea Producing Na-ion Two-Wheelers |
6.1.15. | Cooling Strategies for Micro EV Batteries |
6.1.16. | Matter Energy: Liquid Cooled Batteries for E2Ws |
6.2. | Battery Sizing |
6.2.1. | Battery Sizes of Electric Two-Wheelers |
6.2.2. | Energy Intensity of Electric Two-Wheelers |
6.2.3. | Battery Sizes of Electric Three-Wheelers |
6.2.4. | Battery Sizes of Microcars |
6.2.5. | Voltage Platforms in Micro EVs |
6.2.6. | Battery Voltage in Asian Electric Two-Wheelers |
6.3. | Motors for Micro EVs |
6.3.1. | Summary of Traction Motor Types |
6.3.2. | Comparison of Traction Motor Construction |
6.3.3. | Electric Two-Wheelers Power by Region |
6.3.4. | Electric Two-Wheelers Motor Power |
6.3.5. | Motors in Electric Three-Wheelers and Microcars |
6.3.6. | Types of Motors in Micro EVs |
6.3.7. | Hub Motors vs. Mid-Drive Motors |
6.3.8. | Four-Wheeler Preferred Electric Drivetrain Architecture |
6.3.9. | More Details in IDTechEx's Reports |
7. | FORECASTS - UNIT SALES, BATTERY DEMAND, & MARKET SIZE |
7.1. | Forecast Methodology |
7.1.1. | Forecast Methodology - Total Addressable Market |
7.1.2. | Forecast Methodology - EV Forecasts & Segmentation |
7.1.3. | Forecast Methodology - Forecasting Battery Demand & Market Size |
7.1.4. | Forecast Assumptions |
7.1.5. | Forecast Assumptions: Two-Wheeler Average Battery Size |
7.1.6. | Forecast Assumptions: Two-Wheeler Average Unit Price |
7.1.7. | Forecast Assumptions: Three-Wheeler & Microcar Average Battery Size |
7.1.8. | Forecast Assumptions: Three-Wheeler & Microcar Average Unit Price |
7.2. | Combined Micro EV Forecasts |
7.2.1. | Global Micro EV Sales Forecast |
7.2.2. | Global Micro EV Battery Demand Forecast |
7.2.3. | Global Micro EV Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Type |
7.2.4. | Global Micro EV Market Size Forecast |
7.3. | Electric Two-Wheeler Forecasts |
7.3.1. | Global Electric Two-Wheeler Sales Forecast by Region |
7.3.2. | Global Electric Two-Wheeler Sales Forecast by Power Class |
7.3.3. | Global Electric Two-Wheeler Battery Demand Forecast by Region |
7.3.4. | Global Electric Two-Wheeler Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Type |
7.3.5. | Global Electric Two-Wheeler Market Size Forecast by Region |
7.4. | Electric Three-Wheeler Forecasts |
7.4.1. | Global Electric Three-Wheeler Sales Forecast by Region |
7.4.2. | Global Electric Three-Wheeler Sales Forecast by Power Class |
7.4.3. | Global Electric Three-Wheeler Battery Demand Forecast by Region |
7.4.4. | Global Electric Three-Wheeler Battery Demand Forecast by Battery Type |
7.4.5. | Global Electric Three-Wheeler Market Size Forecast by Region |
7.5. | Electric Microcar Forecasts |
7.5.1. | Global Electric Microcar Sales Forecast by Region |
7.5.2. | Global Electric Microcar Battery Demand Forecast by Region |
7.5.3. | Global Electric Microcar Market Size Forecast by Region |
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Slides | 304 |
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Forecasts to | 2045 |
Published | Feb 2025 |
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